This study aims to investigate the relationships between Böhler (BA), Gissane (GA), calcaneal inclination (CIA), lateral talocalcaneal (LTCA), and Fowler-Philip (FPA) angles, which play a significant role in the diagnosis of foot deformities and in clinical and surgical decision-making, and age, sex, laterality, body height, and body weight. Additionally, this study aims to establish individual- specific normative reference values. Bilateral weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs (n=850) of 425 individuals (216 males, 209 females; mean age: 45.14 ± 15.82 years) without foot pathology were analyzed. The mean values were BA:30.59 ± 3.5°, GA:116.06 ± 4.64°, CIA:25.5 ± 3.62°, LTCA:44.14 ± 6.87°, and FPA:61.44 ± 2.73°. There were significant differences compared to measurements reported in other populations. BA, CIA, LTCA, and FPA demonstrated significant differences across age groups (BA: p=0.002; CIA: p<0.001; LTCA: p<0.001; FPA: p<0.001). GA and FPA exhibited significant sex-related differences (GA: p=0.011; FPA: p<0.001). No significant correlation was determined between the angles and side. In males, BA was correlated with height positively (r=0.185, p<0.001), while GA showed a positive correlation (r=0.148, p=0.003) and CIA a negative correlation (r=-0.141, p=0.004) with height in females. Regarding body weight, BA was positively correlated in males (r=0.139, p=0.004), whereas CIA (r=-0.156, p=0.001) and LTCA (r=-0.137, p=0.004) showed negative correlations. In females, LTCA was also correlated with weight negatively (r=-0.193, p<0.001). Given the regression analysis, age was associated with a 0.025° decrease in BA per year (p=0.001). GA was, on average, 1.854° higher in females than in males (p<0.001). Each 1 cm increase in height was related with a 0.075° increase in GA (p=0.001), while each 1 kg increase in body weight was related with decreases of 0.051° in CIA (p<0.001), 0.104° in LTCA (p<0.001), and 0.019° in FPA (p=0.024). These findings highlight the necessity of considering age, sex, height, and body weight in addition to population-based reference values when evaluating calcaneal angles.

KEY WORDS: Calcaneus; Angles; Age factors; Height; Body weight.

ALTUNTAS, E.; UZUN, A. & BAS, O. Relationship of calcaneal angles with age, sex, side, height and body weight. Int. J. Morphol., 44(1):23-31, 2026.