Halit Çelik & Keziban Karacan

Understanding the morphometric and angular characteristics of the sacrum is critical not only for clinical and surgical interventions but also for reliable sex estimation in forensic and anthropological settings. Despite its importance, comprehensive analyses integrating both linear and angular measurements from high-resolution imaging remain limited. This study aims to evaluate 22 anthropometric and angular parameters of the human sacrum in relation to sex and age, using three-dimensional reconstructions obtained from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images. Radiological images from 100 women and 100 men, aged 18 to 91, were retrospectively analyzed. The images were obtained using Multidetector Computed Tomography and converted into three-dimensional models via Radiant Dicom Viewer software. Fourteen angular and length measurements were made on the sacrum, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. Sex showed a significant effect on sacral height, width, sagittal diameter of the sacral base, lumbosacral angle, sacral kyphosis, and sacrococcygeal angle (p < 0.05). Some parameters demonstrated age-dependent changes, notably a decrease in sacrococcygeal angle and transverse diameter with age. This study provides a comprehensive set of morphometric reference data for the sacrum, combining linear and angular metrics in a 3D imaging context. The findings underline the relevance of specific sacral parameters in sex estimation and support their clinical value in preoperative planning and spinal instrumentation.

KEY WORDS: Sacrum; Coccyx; Computed Tomography; Sex determination.

ÇELIK, H. & KARACAN, K. Three-dimensional morphometric and angular analysis of the human sacrum: Implications for sex estimation and clinical application via multidetector CT. Int. J. Morphol., 44(1):192-198, 2026.