Zeynep Akça Andı & Ahmet Uzun

This study aimed to establish normal reference values for wrist bone morphometry on posteroanterior radiographs in individuals aged 20–74 years, and to analyse how these values and derived wrist-related ratios vary by age and gender . The study was conducted using bilateral posteroanterior wrist radiographs from 300 healthy individuals. The lengths and angles of the wrist bones were measured using the Horos Medical Viewer programme, and wrist ratios were calculated based on these measurements. Participants were categorised into three age groups: 20–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years. Data were analysed according to both age and sex. All length measurements, as well as the carpal angle, carpal-height ratio, carpal-radial ratio, and carpal-ulnar ratio, were statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). Age group analysis showed that individuals aged 20–39 years had lower left carpal height and carpal–radial distance compared to older groups (p < 0.05). Ratio analyses further revealed significantly lower carpal height, carpal-radial ratio, and carpal-ulnar ratio in the 20–39 age group, while no significant age-related differences were observed in angular parameters or most linear measurements. Wrist morphometric measurements are widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of wrist pathologies. Therefore, establishing normal reference values specific to different populations and age groups is essential. We believe that our study will provide a useful reference for future research in this field.

KEY WORDS: Wrist; Carpal bones; Radiography; Reference values; Turkey.

ANDI, Z. A. & UZUN, A. Morphometric analysis of the wrist on posteroanterior radiographs: Age and sex-related variations in a Turkish population. Int. J. Morphol., 44(1):221-230, 2026.