The interpterygoid fascia is an anatomical formation located in the infratemporal fossa. It is reinforced by the pterygospinous and sphenomandibular ligaments. Its direct relationship with branches of the mandibular nerve gives it clinical relevance in the execution of anesthetic techniques. Its location could give it a role in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia and in the spread of infectious processes. The objective of this research was to describe it qualitatively and establish its clinical implications in dentistry. A narrative review was carried out, using the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar platforms, in addition to reviewing texts on anatomy, oral surgery and internal medicine. In this analysis 33 results were obtained, of which 9 were selected, since they were considered related to the objectives. Within the selected articles, the origin of the fascia in the “sphenopetrous and tympanosquamous fissure” is described; it has relationships with branches of the mandibular nerve, maxillary vessels, auriculotemporal nerve, pterygoid muscles and adipose body of the cheek. Among its functions is its use as a guide for anesthetic solutions injected laterally, and it restricts those injected medially. Anatomical points of reference should be followed and the target area should be slightly higher than the lingula. Within the clinical conditions described, ossification of the pterygospinous ligament is possible to diagnose using the Hirtz axial technique; it is of vital importance due to its high prevalence and derived implications: Trigeminal neuralgia, dysgeusia, dysarthria, alterations in the secretion of the parotid gland, paresis. The interpterygoid fascia has fundamental clinical importance in anesthetic techniques, spread of infections and etiopathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia. The relationship it has with the mandibular nerve determines multiple clinical implications that can worsen quality of life. This anatomical formation must be taken into account when performing mandibular anesthetic techniques.
URZÚA, G. V.; ANGEL, G. D.; LAGOS, F. R. & SOTO, N. R. Estudio anatómico y clínico de la fascia interpterigoidea. Revisión de la literatura. Int. J. Morphol., 43(1):26-35, 2025.
