SUMMARY: School textbooks are widely used tools in the school system for the teaching of Sciences and its terminology. However, previous research has reported discrepancies between the terms used in these textbooks to refer to anatomical structures and the International Anatomical Terminology (IAT). This quantitative descriptive study aims to analyze morphological terms that are used in human biology units in natural sciences and biology textbooks provided by the Chilean Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) for grades 77th to 107th, comparing them to the IAT standard terminology. The methodology involved identification, tabulation and classification of anatomical terms from selected units, taking into account their context of origin (text vs. image), and a comparison with four official terminologies provided by the International Federation of Anatomical Terminology Program (Anatomical Terminology, Histological Terminology, Embryological Terminology, and Neuroanatomical Terminology). Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square testing revealed 75% concordance with IAT, with no significant association between term origin (text vs image) and term accuracy (correct or incorrect). Persistent errors included synonym misuse and use of eponyms in the urinary system. These findings underscore the need for broader dissemination of the Terminology provided by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology to ensure accurate anatomy instruction and proper scientific communication.

KEY WORDS: Terminologia Anatomica; School textbooks; Anatomy; Histology; Embryology.